spring事务实现方式有哪些？

• 编程式事务管理，在代码中调用 commit()、rollback()等事务管理相关的方法

maven pom.xml文件

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId><version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version></dependency> <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version></dependency> <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId><version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version></dependency> <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId><version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version></dependency> <dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId><version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version></dependency> <!-- mysql驱动 --><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.18</version></dependency>

编程式事务管理，可以通过 java.sql.Connection 控制事务。spring 配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"><bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean> <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"><constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /><constructor-arg index="1"><value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value></constructor-arg><constructor-arg index="2"><value>root</value></constructor-arg><constructor-arg index="3"><value>root</value></constructor-arg></bean></beans>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.sql.Statement; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TransactionTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {testManualTransaction();//测试函数式控制事务}private static void testManualTransaction() throws SQLException {ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");DataSource ds = (DataSource)context.getBean("datasource");Connection conn = ds.getConnection();try {initTable(conn);//初始化表conn.setAutoCommit(false);//设置不自动提交事务queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表deleteUser(conn);//删除 id=1 用户conn.rollback();//回滚queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表} finally {conn.close();}} private static void initTable(Connection conn) throws SQLException {conn.createStatement().execute("drop table if exists user");conn.createStatement().execute("create table user(id int, username varchar(60)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ");//是否支持事务与数据库引擎有关，此处删除 ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 可能不支持事务conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(1, 'user1')");conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(2, 'user2')");} private static void deleteUser(Connection conn) throws SQLException {conn.createStatement().execute("delete from user where id = 1");} private static void queryUsers(Connection conn) throws SQLException {Statement st = conn.createStatement();st.execute("select * from user");ResultSet rs = st.getResultSet();while (rs.next()) {System.out.print(rs.getString("id"));System.out.print(" ");System.out.print(rs.getString("username"));System.out.println();}}}

删除用户语句回滚，打印出两个用户

1 user12 user21 user12 user2

• 基于 TransactionProxyFactoryBean 的声明式事务管理

新增 UserDao 接口

package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.List;import java.util.Map; public interface UserDao { /** * 查询用户 * @return */public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers();/** * 删除用户 * @param id * @return */public int deleteUser(int id);}

新增 UserDao 实现

package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.List;import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport; public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {/** * 查询用户 * @return */public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {String sql = "select * from user";return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);}/** * 删除用户 * @param id * @return */public int deleteUser(int id){String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);if (id == 1) {throw new RuntimeException();}return result;}}

修改 spring 配置文件，添加事务管理器 DataSourceTransactionManager 和事务代理类 TransactionProxyFactoryBean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"><bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean><bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"><constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /><constructor-arg index="1"><value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value></constructor-arg><constructor-arg index="2"><value>root</value></constructor-arg><constructor-arg index="3"><value>root</value></constructor-arg></bean><bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl"><property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property></bean><!-- 事务管理器 --><bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"><property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property></bean><bean id="userProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"><property name="transactionManager" ref="tracnsactionManager"></property><property name="target" ref="userDao"></property><property name="transactionAttributes"><props><!-- 主要 key 是方法 ISOLATION_DEFAULT事务的隔离级别PROPAGATION_REQUIRED传播行为--><!-- -Exception 表示发生指定异常回滚，+Exception 表示发生指定异常提交 --><prop key="deleteUser">-java.lang.RuntimeException</prop></props></property></bean></beans>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TransactionTest { static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {testUseTransactionProxy(); //测试使用 spring TransactionProxyFactoryBean}private static void testUseTransactionProxy() {final UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userProxy");printUsers(userDao);//打印用户userDao.deleteUser(1);//删除 id=1 用户} private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {System.out.println(user);}} }

结果输出

{id=1, username=user1}{id=2, username=user2}Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeExceptionat constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy3.deleteUser(Unknown Source)at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testUseTransactionProxy(TransactionTest.java:32)at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

• 基于注解 @Transactional 的声明式事务管理

UserDaoImpl 删除用户方法添加注解 @Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class) 出现 RuntimeException 回滚

package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.List;import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {/** * 查询用户 * @return */public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {String sql = "select * from user";return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);}/** * 删除用户 * @param id * @return */@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)public int deleteUser(int id){String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);if (id == 1) {throw new RuntimeException();}return result;}}

修改 spring 配置文件，开启 spring 的事务注解能力

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"><bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean><bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"><constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /><constructor-arg index="1"><value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value></constructor-arg><constructor-arg index="2"><value>root</value></constructor-arg><constructor-arg index="3"><value>root</value></constructor-arg></bean><bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl"><property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property></bean><!-- 事务管理器 --><bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"><property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property></bean><!-- 启用事务注解 --><tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="tracnsactionManager"/></beans>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TransactionTest { static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {testAnnotationTransaction();}private static void testAnnotationTransaction() {UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");printUsers(userDao);userDao.deleteUser(1);}  private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {System.out.println(user);}} }

输出结果

{id=1, username=user1}{id=2, username=user2}Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeExceptionat constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:30)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy5.deleteUser(Unknown Source)at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

• 基于 Aspectj AOP 配置（注解）事务

maven pom.xml 添加 Aspectj 的支持

<dependency><groupId>org.aspectj</groupId><artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId><version>1.8.13</version></dependency>

去除 UserDaoImpl 注解@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)

package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.List;import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport; public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {/** * 查询用户 * @return */public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {String sql = "select * from user";return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);}/** * 删除用户 * @param id * @return */public int deleteUser(int id){String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);if (id == 1) {throw new RuntimeException();}return result;}}

修改 spring 配置文件，织入切面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"><bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean><bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"><constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /><constructor-arg index="1"><value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value></constructor-arg><constructor-arg index="2"><value>root</value></constructor-arg><constructor-arg index="3"><value>root</value></constructor-arg></bean><bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl"><property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property></bean><!-- 事务管理器 --><bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"><property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property></bean><tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="tracnsactionManager"><tx:attributes><!-- 为连接点指定事务属性 --><tx:method name="deleteUser" rollback-for="java.lang.RuntimeException"/></tx:attributes></tx:advice><aop:config><!-- 切入点配置 --><aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* *constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDao.deleteUser(..))" /><aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="point"/></aop:config></beans>

测试代码

package constxiong.interview.transaction; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TransactionTest { static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {testAspectjTransaction();}private static void testAspectjTransaction() {UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");printUsers(userDao);userDao.deleteUser(1);}  private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {System.out.println(user);}} }

输出结果

{id=1, username=user1}{id=2, username=user2}Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeExceptionat constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.deleteUser(Unknown Source)at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)

PS：

这篇仅用事务回滚为例，了解 spring 事务控制，还需要关注数据库的ACID四种特性、事务传播特性、事务的隔离级别（脏读、不可重复读、幻读）。

详细可参考：https://blog.csdn.net/chinacr07/article/details/78817449

spring 事务的源码学习可以参考：

• https://my.oschina.net/zhangxufeng/blog/1935556
• https://my.oschina.net/zhangxufeng/blog/1943983
• https://my.oschina.net/zhangxufeng/blog/1973493