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Executors创建线程池有哪几种方式?

Executors如何创建线程池?

Executors 类是从 JDK 1.5 开始就新增的线程池创建的静态工厂类,它就是创建线程池的,但是很多的大厂已经不建议使用该类去创建线程池。原因在于,该类创建的很多线程池的内部使用了无界任务队列,在并发量很大的情况下会导致 JVM 抛出 OutOfMemoryError,直接让 JVM 崩溃,影响严重。

但是 Executors 类究竟是如何使用的?

1. newFixedThreadPool

创建定长线程池,每当提交一个任务就创建一个线程,直到达到线程池的最大数量,这时线程数量不再变化,当线程发生错误结束时,线程池会补充一个新的线程。

package constxiong.concurrency.a011;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;/** * 测试创建定长线程池 * @author ConstXiong */public class TestNewFixedThreadPool {public static void main(String[] args) {//创建工作线程数为 3 的线程池,每当提交一个任务就创建一个线程,直到达到线程池的最大数量,这时线程数量不再变化,当线程发生错误结束时,线程池会补充一个新的线程ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);//提交 6 个任务for (int i = 0; i <6; i++) {final int index = i;fixedThreadPool.execute(() -> {try {//休眠 3 秒Thread.sleep(3000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);});}try {Thread.sleep(4000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("4秒后...");//关闭线程池后,已提交的任务仍然会执行完fixedThreadPool.shutdown();}}

打印结果:

pool-1-thread-2 index:1pool-1-thread-3 index:2pool-1-thread-1 index:04秒后...pool-1-thread-1 index:4pool-1-thread-3 index:5pool-1-thread-2 index:3

2. newCachedThreadPool

创建可缓存的线程池,如果线程池的容量超过了任务数,自动回收空闲线程,任务增加时可以自动添加新线程,线程池的容量不限制。

package constxiong.concurrency.a011;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;/** * 测试创建可缓存的线程池 * @author ConstXiong */public class TestNewCachedThreadPool {public static void main(String[] args) {//创建可缓存的线程池,如果线程池的容量超过了任务数,自动回收空闲线程,任务增加时可以自动添加新线程,线程池的容量不限制ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();for (int i = 0; i <6; i++) {final int index = i;cachedThreadPool.execute(() -> {try {Thread.sleep(3000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);});}try {Thread.sleep(4000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("4秒后...");cachedThreadPool.shutdown();}}

打印结果可以看出,创建的线程数与任务数相等

pool-1-thread-1 index:0pool-1-thread-3 index:2pool-1-thread-6 index:5pool-1-thread-4 index:3pool-1-thread-5 index:4pool-1-thread-2 index:14秒后...

3.newScheduledThreadPool

创建定长线程池,可执行周期性的任务。

package constxiong.concurrency.a011;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/** * 测试创建定长线程池,可执行周期性的任务 * @author ConstXiong */public class TestNewScheduledThreadPool {public static void main(String[] args) {//创建定长线程池,可执行周期性的任务ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3);for (int i = 0; i <3; i++) {final int index = i;//scheduleWithFixedDelay 固定的延迟时间执行任务; scheduleAtFixedRate 固定的频率执行任务scheduledThreadPool.scheduleWithFixedDelay(() -> {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);}, 0, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);}try {Thread.sleep(4000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("4秒后...");scheduledThreadPool.shutdown();}}

打印结果:

pool-1-thread-1 index:0pool-1-thread-3 index:2pool-1-thread-2 index:1pool-1-thread-1 index:0pool-1-thread-2 index:1pool-1-thread-3 index:24秒后...

4.newSingleThreadExecutor

创建单线程的线程池,线程异常结束,会创建一个新的线程,能确保任务按提交顺序执行。

package constxiong.concurrency.a011;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;/** * 测试单线程的线程池 * @author ConstXiong */public class TestNewSingleThreadExecutor {public static void main(String[] args) {//单线程的线程池,线程异常结束,会创建一个新的线程,能确保任务按提交顺序执行ExecutorService singleThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();//提交 3 个任务for (int i = 0; i <3; i++) {final int index = i;singleThreadPool.execute(() -> {//执行第二个任务时,报错,测试线程池会创建新的线程执行任务三if (index == 1) {throw new RuntimeException("线程执行出现异常");}try {Thread.sleep(3000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);});}try {Thread.sleep(4000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("4秒后...");singleThreadPool.shutdown();}}

打印结果可以看出,即使任务出现了异常,线程池还是会自动补充一个线程继续执行下面的任务

pool-1-thread-1 index:0Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-1" java.lang.RuntimeException: 线程执行出现异常at constxiong.concurrency.a011.TestNewSingleThreadExecutor.lambda$0(TestNewSingleThreadExecutor.java:21)at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)4秒后...pool-1-thread-2 index:2

5. newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor

创建单线程可执行周期性任务的线程池。

package constxiong.concurrency.a011;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/** * 测试单线程可执行周期性任务的线程池 * @author ConstXiong */public class TestNewSingleThreadScheduledExecutor {public static void main(String[] args) {//创建单线程可执行周期性任务的线程池ScheduledExecutorService singleScheduledThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();//提交 3 个固定频率执行的任务for (int i = 0; i <3; i++) {final int index = i;//scheduleWithFixedDelay 固定的延迟时间执行任务; scheduleAtFixedRate 固定的频率执行任务singleScheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);}, 0, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);}try {Thread.sleep(4000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("4秒后...");singleScheduledThreadPool.shutdown();}}

打印机结果可以看出 0-2 任务都被执行了 2 个周期

pool-1-thread-1 index:0pool-1-thread-1 index:1pool-1-thread-1 index:2pool-1-thread-1 index:0pool-1-thread-1 index:1pool-1-thread-1 index:24秒后...

6.newWorkStealingPool

创建任务可窃取线程池,空闲线程可以窃取其他任务队列的任务,不保证执行顺序,适合任务耗时差异较大。

package constxiong.concurrency.a011;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;/** * 测试可任务窃取线程池 * @author ConstXiong */public class TestNewWorkStealingPool {public static void main(String[] args) {//创建 4个工作线程的 任务可窃取线程池,如果不设置并行数,默认取 CPU 总核数ExecutorService workStealingThreadPool = Executors.newWorkStealingPool(4);for (int i = 0; i <10; i++) {final int index = i;workStealingThreadPool.execute(() -> {try {//模拟任务执行时间为 任务编号为0 1 2 的执行时间需要 3秒;其余任务200 毫秒,导致任务时间差异较大if (index <= 2) {Thread.sleep(3000);} else {Thread.sleep(200);}} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " index:" + index);});}try {Thread.sleep(10000);//休眠 10 秒} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.out.println("10秒后...");}}

打印结果可以看出,线程 ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 把3-9的任务都执行完

ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:3ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:4ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:5ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:6ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:7ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:8ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0 index:9ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1 index:0ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3 index:2ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2 index:110秒后...